Тексты по теме «Экология & Экологические проблемы» для активизации лексики при подготовке к экзамену. Тексты даются в порядке по возрастанию сложности. Предварительно рекомендуется повторить английские слова по теме «Ecology. Ecological Problems».

Содержание:

  1. Text №1 «Help wild animals»
  2. Text №2 «Climatic changes»
  3. Text №iii «Environmental issues» (for pre-intermediate)
  4. Text №4 «Green peace»
  5. Text №five «Light-green fuel»
  6. Text №6 «Ecological problems»
  7. Text №seven  «Protection of the surround in Russia»
  8. Text №8 «Environmental problems» (for upper-intermediate)
  9. Summary (Выводы)
  10. Questions

Texts on the topic «Ecologу. Ecological Problems»

Texts on the topic "Ecologу. Ecological Problems"

Text ane. Help Wild Animals

I think it is necessary to help wild fauna. Many of them are in danger now. For case, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.

White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.

All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cutting, birds and animals tin become instinct.

Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not affright animals and birds. Nosotros must never break plants or infant trees.

In that location are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must take intendance of it.

Questions:

  1. How does the growth of cities influence nature?
  2. How tin can people assist wildlife?

Text two. Climatic Changes

Words:

  1. carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
  2. oxygen — кислород
  3. heat – тепло
  4. to go far — пропускать
  5. to get out — выпускать

Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long period of fourth dimension. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.

Only recently the climate has inverse a lot, specially in Europe. Scientists retrieve that the reason is greenhouse outcome. It is caused past carbon dioxide (углекислый газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Likewise people and animals breathe in oxygen and exhale out carbon dioxide. As y'all know, copse have this gas from air and produce oxygen . Only in the last few years people have cut downwardly and burn large areas of rainforest. This ways that in that location are fewer trees and more carbon dioxide.

This gas in the atmosphere works similar drinking glass in a greenhouse. It lets rut go far, but it doesn't let much estrus get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.

Greenhouse upshot is sometimes called global warming.

Questions:

  1. What is climate like?
  2. What do y'all know almost greenhouse event?
  3. What role does carbone dioxide play in the procedure of global warming?

Text three. Environmental issues (for pre-intermediate)

Words:

  1. severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
  2. harmful substances  — вредные вещества

We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and country are harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia in that location a lot of regions which are severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried by winds for great distances.

60% of the air pollution is caused past unlike means of ship: cars, trucks, buses.

Then we must think that when nosotros utilize aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the unsafe ultraviolet rays of the sun.

The listing of serious environmental issues tin exist continued …..

Questions:

  1. What kinds of pollution tin can you name?
  2. What is the main source of air pollution?
  3. What do you lot know nearly the ozone layer?

Text 4. Green Peace

Light-green Peace is an international environmental system which fights against the pollution of the environment. Information technology was founded in 1969 past a grouping of Canadian environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the environs is endangered. They always human activity fast.

The globe knows nearly the Light-green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing baby seals. They cake the fashion to the ships that endeavour to dump waste, and piece of work hard to create a nuclear-costless world.

The activity of Light-green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who don't care near the time to come of the world.

Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russian federation. People, who can't take function in Dark-green Peace actions direct back up this arrangement with money.

Greenish Peace members are oftentimes called "greens". The "greens" are group of people whose aim is protection of natural things, e.1000. plants and animals.

Questions:

  1. How tin can we salve the world's wildlife?
  2. What exercise yous know about Green Peace?
  3. Would you like to join the system?

Text 5. Green Fuel

Words:

  1. fuel — топливо
  2. biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek'nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
  3. environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
  4. to derive from– получать, извлекать
  5. emission – выделение
  6. to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
  7. finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
  8. fossil – ископаемое

A new low-cost fuel is beingness adult by a biotechnology visitor. It is called biobutanol and is expected to be the all-time environmentally friendly fuel for transport.

Butanol is derived from waste constitute material (biomass) and is an attractive replacement for petrol.

It reduces non only CO2 emissions merely also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.

The Britain'due south Minister for Science said: "The development of biofuels is expected to play a major part in reducing ship emissions. Climate change is a huge global problem. We believe the United kingdom must put its best efforts towards developing the new technologies."

Questions:

  1. How tin can people save nature resources?
  2. What is the almost promising fuel of the future?
  3. Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?

Text half-dozen. Ecological Problems

Ecology is a scientific discipline which studies the relationship betwixt all forms of life on our planet and the environment.

Since aboriginal times Nature has served Human, giving him everything he needs: air to breathe, food to eat, water to beverage, wood for edifice and fuel for heating his domicile.  For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that the resource of Nature had no stop or limit.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increment.  Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can exist found nowadays all over the world. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drinkable, the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their engines have become the primary source of polluting in industrial countries.

Vast forests are cutting downwards everywhere for the needs of industries. As a outcome many kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.

The pollution of the air and the globe's oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are the other problems arising from men'due south careless attitude to ecology.

Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an international system called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the environment.

Questions to the text on ecological problems:

  1. Why are the wild animals in danger?
  2. What climatic changes are the nigh threatening?
  3. Is there any fashion to make our air cleaner
  4. What is Green Peace?
  5. What are the main ecological problems?

Text seven. Protection of the Environment in Russia

There are many big and pocket-sized rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our state, that's why we can't ignore the trouble of the protection of our environment. In Russia and former Soviet republics there are some areas where the environment is in poor state. It is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to written report homo's influence on the climate.

The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human life. If we don't use chemicals in a proper style nosotros'll pollute our surroundings. Our plants and factories put their waste matter materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the surround. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that 'southward why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.

Now radiations has become one of the main problems. It is not skillful for wellness of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a tragedy.

Another problem is earthquakes. We know some terrible earthquakes in the globe. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then nosotros can protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the earth do everything to protect nature, to brand their country richer, to make their life happier. We need to haves laws and decisions on this important subject.

Text 8. Environmental problems (for upper-intermediate)

Words:

  1. exceptionally – исключительно
  2. interference – вмешательство
  3. degree — степень
  4. involve – вовлекать
  5. industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
  6. in addition to – в добавление к
  7. nowadays — представлять
  8. a threat – угроза
  9. a source – источник

The present environmental problems have go uncommonly urgent. If many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment, today their interference in the Nature has reached such a degree that information technology becomes unsafe for their lives.  And if the same tendencies remain for the next years, our planet will soon become uninhabited. The ecological issues are non the bug of a single isolated country. They are global in character and involve all countries in the world.  The ecological problems have much in common. The primary problem is pollution. Information technology is not a hugger-mugger that  every year more and more industrial enterprises are built.

And they have a very bad effect on the environment. They pollute the air nosotros breathe, the h2o we drink and the country that grain and vegetables grow on.

In addition to air pollution people upset the oxygen remainder of our planet because people cut down forests and woods. Ane of the most dangerous things is radiation. There is a greаt number of nuclear power stations. They have many advantages for the industry, only they present a threat for the life.

Nature is a source of our life and destroying it we destroy ourselves. People forget that natural resources are not countless even though they seem unlimited. Nature has plenty resources for the present generation. But their amount becomes less with every year. To protect nature is a duty of all people.

Я надеюсь, что данные тексты по теме «Environmental. Ecological issues» помогут вам подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку. Тексты взяты из разных источников.

Summary (Выводы:)

I.The main environmental bug are the source of the Man'southward activity. They are h2o pollution, air pollution, country pollution and atmospheric change.

  • Water pollution, which is caused past plants & factories, past testing nuclear weapons, dumping industrial waste.

ПРИМЕР. Thousands of fish die every yr as a event of the illegal dumping of waste product.

  • Air pollution, which is caused both by buses and cars and also by plants and factories.

ПРИМЕР. I of the effects of air pollution is acid rain. It is dissentious to water, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the wide-spread death of forests in European mountains.

  • Land pollution, which is caused by radioactive waste, dumps (свалки), dirty water, fertilizers, pesticides.

ПРИМЕР It is interesting to know that the master source of pollution are children nether two years sometime, because every second a "pampers" is dumped.

  • Atmospheric alter which leads to climatic changes (considering of the greenhouse effect), the increasing radiations from the sun (because the ozone layer is thinning).

Груды памперсов, скопились на Британских островах. Они не разлагаются в земле (процесс занимает около 100 лет) Чтобы бороться с этой проблемой, правительство стало доплачивать женщинам, которые пользуются обычными пеленками или бумажными подгузниками. Уже накопившиеся памперсы решили сжигать на специальных предприятиях. Ученые заверяют, что смогут уменьшить выбросы в атмосферу с помощью специальных очистных фильтров. Но стоит ли верить, что можно будет избежать загрязнения воздуха?


II.Nowadays there is a great risk of ecological disasters. It is nuclear pollution and leak of radiation.

  • Nuclear pollution (=radioactive contagion), which is caused past nuclear power stations if they go wrong. Such nuclear accident happened in Chernobyl. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power station suffered a fire, which causes radioactive contagion of a lot of regions. Equally a result many people died, those who had survived suffered terrible deceases till the end of their life.
  • Leak of radiation as a result of improper nuclear-waste product disposal (утечка радиации из-за неправильного захоронения ядерных отходов)

III. Destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty too takes place . The key bug are:

  • mass-tourism — массовый туризм
  • cut downwards forests — вырубка
  • poaching — браконьерство

People need wood for building piece of furniture. Every twenty-four hour period  they use paper and cardboard, which is also made from wood. But every day some species (kinds) of animals and plants disappear from the Earth. It's the result of the pollution air, state and water. Also some animals are hunted for the sake of fur, ivory, horns or tusks. More than that, cutting down trees people accept turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals but have no place to live as their habitats are destroyed.

Questions on the topic «Ecological issues»

  1. What can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What measures should exist taken to protect nature?
  2. What tin you lot personally exercise to help nature?
  3. Why is it dangerous to pollute land?
  4. What can pollution of air and water atomic number 82 to?
  5. What can y'all say nigh global warming?
  6. What exercise you know about Light-green Peace?
  7. Why are the nuclear ability stations and then dangerous for people? What do you know virtually Chernobyl?
  8. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
  9. What are the main ecological problems present?
  10. What must people practice to protect wild fauna?
  11. Do yous think that life was improve in the by (the air was cleaner, the h2o was purer)?
  12. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?
  13. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
  14. What is the dramatic effect of cutting down forests and woods?
  15. What would yous propose to attract people to the issues of pollution and ecology?
  16. What can y'all say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of environmental protection urgent today?
  17. What does nature requite to homo?
  18. How is the problem solved today?
  19. Is acrid rain damaging to nature?
  20. What exercise y'all know about radioactive contamination of environs?
  21. Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?
  22. What crusade the "greenhouse effect"?
  23. Has annihilation been done to solve ecological problems?
  24. What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?
  25. Where does the carbon dioxide come up from?

ОТВЕТЫ:

1. What can common people do to protect nature?

  • to end pollution ( use filters, recycle waste product, develop new technologies)
  • to salvage natural resources
  • to have intendance of nature ( not to cutting down forests, etc.)

People must do something! For example, to protect water people make special filters and air purifiers. People must collect waste product properly and then it does non get into water or country and also recycle. There is a good formula of RRR. It is Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

But I think the best solution is to develop technologies which produce no waste product. There are also some alternatives to cleaners and pesticides, soda, for example. Also solar energy  can be used instead of fossil fuels (ископаемое топливо).

People also should not cutting down forests and other plants. To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wildlife reservations.

Nuclear bombs testing must be stopped to prevent radioactive contamination of the atmosphere.

ii. What can you personally do to help nature?

To protect nature people should change their mental attitude to information technology. Man should stop taking everything he needs. It is good that at final people offset to realize that they should keep air and h2o clean. Efforts are made to reduce pollution from auto engines. What can we common people exercise? I think the first and the simplest matter is to continue our environment make clean, articulate away the rubbish after yourselves, be careful with the burn down.  The other thing that we should cultivate a sense of duty in our children, in our youth to take care of our nature, our planet.

Nosotros can reduce the usage of electricity and drinking water. For example, when y'all clean your teeth and let the h2o run, you lose two or three liters of water. Now multiply 3 liters by the number of people in our metropolis and you volition run into that information technology is a lot. But nosotros can finish information technology if we switch off the water. We tin reduce the usage of packing and ownership things in plastic packs. It is important because it is very difficult to recycle plastic. If nosotros reuse plastic bags, the factories will produce less of them and volition damage Nature less.

In short: I tin can reduce the usage of gas, electricity and water. I can reuse many things (clothes, for case), paper, bottles.

 iii. Why i s it unsafe to pollute country?

We eat plants, but if the land is polluted, the plants become poisonous. If we eat them, we ruin our health. The aforementioned is with water.

4. What can pollution of air and water pb to?

4. What can you lot say about global warming?

Over the by ii decades the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere has gradually increased. Global warming is i of the climatic effects of polluted air. It worries a lot of people. If the temperature rises, the Chill ice will melt and embrace the land.

5. What do you know about Green Peace?

Green Peace organizes campaigns to protect Nature. See Text №4

6. Why are the nuclear ability stations and so dangerous for people? What do you know about Chernobyl?

Nuclear ability stations tin can went wrong and cause the radioactive contamination of the surroundings. Everyone remembers Chernobyl'south disaster. At that place was a nuclear accident in 1986. Many people died from radiation there. Those who had survived suffered from terrible deceases for the rest of their lives.

7. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?

They produce oxygen and give dwelling house for wild animals.

8. What are the master ecological bug present?

See the summary.

9. What must people exercise to protect wild animals?

To protect animals they must organize National parks and Wild life reservations.

10. D o y'all retrieve that life was better in the by (the air was cleaner, the water was purer)?

11. What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the same?

The ecological residue of our planet will be broken. If pollution and contamination of country, water and air continues the damage caused by this to nature may get irreversible. If people comport on like this, the world will somewhen run out of energy, fresh air and clean water. Information technology can bring to the extermination of the people, and turning the whole planet into either a desert or the North Pole. People couldn't walk without special masks and had to buy air to breathe. It would be a disaster.

thirteen. What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?

fourteen. What is the dramatic result of cut down forests and woods?

xv. What would you suggest to concenter people to the bug of pollution and ecology?

xvi. What tin can yous say most the present ecological situation? Is the problem of ecology protection urgent today?

Yes, the problem of protection the nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute and contaminate country, water and air. If it continues the damage may go irreversible. People accept e'er polluted their environment. But it was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space for people to live. Nowadays with the ascent of advanced technology, the rapid spread of industrialization and the increment of human populations pollution has go a universal problem. The price for rapid industrial development is very loftier: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed.

17. What does nature requite to man?

Meet text №6.

 18. How is the problem solved today?

At that place are some anti-pollution organizations. The most famous of them is Green peace.

The mass media frequently campaign against different acts of polluting nature. Numerous anti-pollution acts are passed in different countries.

19. Is acid pelting damaging to nature?

One of the furnishings of air pollution is acid pelting. Information technology is damaging to h2o, forests and soil resources. It is blamed for disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the wide-spread expiry of forests in European mountains.

20. What practice you know about radioactive contamination of environment?

Radioactive materials from nuclear weapons could cause serious impairment to environment.

Another concern is accidents at nuclear power plants. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power establish near Kiev suffered a fire, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.

21. Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the World?

The disappearance of some species is the issue of the pollution air, land and water. Metropolis and industrial waters, chemicals and fertilizers endanger fish in the lakes, rivers and ponds. Moreover some animals were exterminated (истреблены) because of people greediness.

These animals were hunted for the sake of  fur, ivory, horns or tusks. Also cutting down copse people have turned the areas of thick forest into deserts. The animals just have no identify to alive.

22. What cause the "greenhouse effect"?

The "greenhouse effect" is caused by carbon dioxide, which prevents estrus from escaping. Global warming or the "greenhouse issue" tin crusade melting of the polar ice, raising of the bounding main level and flooding of the coast areas of the world.

23. Has annihilation been washed to solve ecological problems?

In recent years people take understood the necessity of protecting natural resource and wildlife. It becomes clear that to keep air and water make clean, strict pollution control is necessary. Numerous pollution acts passed in different countries. This led to considerable improvements. In many countries measures accept been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil contamination, purifying systems for industrial h2o have been installed. Reservations and national parks for wildlife and undisturbed nature are beingness adult in some parts of the world.

24. What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?

It protects the Earth from space radiation. It is beingness destroyed because through many process  poisonous gases are thrown out into the air.

25. Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

  • We produce it when we burn things.
  • People and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
  • Trees have this gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down and fire big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer copse and more carbon dioxide.